Two major factors involved in conversion of primary pollutants into secondary pollutants are

Two major factors involved in conversion of primary pollutants into secondary pollutants are

• A. CO2 and humidity
• B. Sunlight and water
• C. Wind and temperature
• D. Lightning and rainfall

Answer: (B)

Sunlight and water are the forces that drive the transformation of primary pollutants into secondary pollutants. Sunlight provides the energy for photochemical reactions that convert emissions like nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds into ozone and other secondary species. Water acts as a solvent and participates in aqueous-phase chemistry in clouds and aerosols, enabling reactions that form sulfuric and nitric acids and other secondary particles. This combination explains why sunny, humid conditions often produce more secondary pollution, such as ozone and fine sulfates/nitrates. The other factors influence dispersion or other processes but aren’t the main drivers of converting primary pollutants into secondary ones.

Sunlight and water are the forces that drive the transformation of primary pollutants into secondary pollutants. Sunlight provides the energy for photochemical reactions that convert emissions like nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds into ozone and other secondary species. Water acts as a solvent and participates in aqueous-phase chemistry in clouds and aerosols, enabling reactions that form sulfuric and nitric acids and other secondary particles. This combination explains why sunny, humid conditions often produce more secondary pollution, such as ozone and fine sulfates/nitrates. The other factors influence dispersion or other processes but aren’t the main drivers of converting primary pollutants into secondary ones.